Scottish clock maker Alexander Bain (1811-1877) used a “continuous card” in the form of punched paper tape to speed the input of text messages for transmission over the railroad telegraph in 1846. English mathematician Charles Babbage described plans to use punched “number cards” to input programs and data into his Analytical Engine in 1837. In 1832, Semen Korsakov (1787-1853) devised methods of searching information stored on punched cards for the Russian Police Ministry. The ability to store and automatically reproduce complex operations found wide application in textile manufacturing. The Jacquard Loom is controlled by a chain of multiple cards punched with holes that determine which cords of the fabric warp should be raised for each pass of the shuttle. In Lyon, France, Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834) demonstrated in 1801 a loom that enabled unskilled workers to weave complex patterns in silk.
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